Key Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma and When to Seek Help

ByAgkidzone Staff

Updated: Oct 25, 2024

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Multiple myeloma is a cancer that starts in the bone marrow—the soft tissue inside our bones where blood cells are made. In this disease, plasma cells grow uncontrollably, producing harmful proteins that can damage the kidneys. It mostly affects people over 60 and is more common among African-Americans. While the exact cause is still a bit of a mystery, catching it early is crucial for effective treatment. Unfortunately, multiple myeloma is tricky to diagnose because its symptoms can vary widely and often resemble those of other common illnesses.

Bone Issues

One of the most common signs of multiple myeloma is problems with the bones. People often experience persistent pain in the chest and back areas. Sometimes, the arms and legs might hurt too, but that's less common. Additionally, many develop osteoporosis—a condition where bones become weak and brittle. This means even a small fall or minor injury can lead to fractures. Believe it or not, up to 90% of those with multiple myeloma will face some form of bone damage due to the disease. So, if you're feeling bone pain that's out of the ordinary, it's worth getting it checked out.

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Anemia

Anemia, which is a low count of red blood cells or hemoglobin, is another symptom to watch for. People with anemia often feel tired and may notice their skin looks paler than usual. In multiple myeloma, cancer cells crowd out healthy cells in the bone marrow, reducing red blood cell production. According to the International Myeloma Foundation, about 60 to 70% of patients have anemia when they're diagnosed. This lack of red blood cells can make you feel exhausted and weak, so if you're feeling this way without a clear reason, it's time to see a doctor.

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Fatigue

Feeling unusually tired and weak is something many people with multiple myeloma experience. As more cancerous plasma cells take over the bone marrow, there are fewer healthy white blood cells to fight off infections. This, combined with anemia, can leave you feeling wiped out. If you're constantly tired and can't figure out why, don't brush it off. It's essential to talk to a healthcare professional and possibly get some blood tests done. After all, it's better to be safe than sorry!

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Excessive Weight Loss

Unexpected weight loss is a symptom that shouldn't be ignored. In multiple myeloma, weight loss can happen due to flu-like symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Additionally, as bones break down, calcium enters the bloodstream—a condition called hypercalcemia—which can cause metabolic issues and further weight loss. Treatments for multiple myeloma might also lead to decreased appetite. If you find the pounds are dropping without you trying, it's important to consult a doctor to find out what's going on.

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Gastrointestinal Issues

Multiple myeloma can cause a host of gastrointestinal problems. Symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation might pop up. While these issues are common and can be due to many things, if they persist, it's a signal to see a doctor. Sometimes, these symptoms are side effects of medications used to treat the disease. Other times, they're directly related to the cancer itself. Don't just assume it's something you ate—getting it checked can provide peace of mind.

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Increased Infections

If you find yourself catching every cold or bug that goes around, it could be a sign. Multiple myeloma weakens the immune system because the cancerous plasma cells interfere with the production of healthy white blood cells. This makes it harder for your body to fight off infections. Frequent illnesses or infections that are tough to shake are red flags. So, if you're getting sick more often than usual, it's worth having a chat with your healthcare provider.

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Kidney Problems

Kidney issues are also associated with multiple myeloma. The harmful proteins produced by the cancer cells, along with high levels of calcium in the blood, can strain the kidneys. In some cases, kidney failure might be one of the first noticeable symptoms. Signs of kidney problems include weakness, confusion, dizziness, and shortness of breath. If you're experiencing these symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early intervention can make a big difference.

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Thick Blood

Another symptom that can occur in later stages is hyperviscosity syndrome, which means the blood becomes thicker than normal. This happens because of the excessive production of abnormal proteins by the cancer cells. Thick blood can lead to bleeding from the nose and mouth, as well as blurred vision. If not treated, it can cause serious issues like heart failure. So, if you notice unusual bleeding or vision problems, don't hesitate to get checked out.

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Neurological Issues

Multiple myeloma can also lead to neurological problems. As the disease weakens the bones, fractures in the spine can put pressure on nerves. This may result in radiculopathy, a condition causing numbness, tingling, pain, or muscle weakness in areas like the legs, cheeks, or lower back. The buildup of plasma cells along the spine intensifies these symptoms and can even lead to loss of bladder control. If you're experiencing any of these signs, it's important to see a doctor immediately.

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Purple Bumps

In advanced stages, multiple myeloma can cause masses to form under the skin, appearing as large, purple bumps. These are due to clusters of tumor cells and are usually seen only when the disease has progressed significantly. Any sudden skin changes, especially unusual rashes or bumps, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Early detection is key, and as they say, don't judge a book by its cover—what seems minor could be a sign of something more serious.

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