What are the Symptoms of Syphilis

ByAgkidzone Staff

Updated: Oct 8, 2024

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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. This bacterium enters the body through mucous membranes, typically found in areas like the genitals. It can also enter through damaged skin, such as open sores. Although syphilis shares some characteristics with other diseases, like AIDS, it is far more treatable. Syphilis progresses in three stages, and while the early stages aren’t dangerous, stage three can cause severe, even life-threatening damage. It's one of the most common STIs, and antibiotics are usually effective against it. However, detecting syphilis can be tricky since its symptoms can stay hidden for long periods. Here are ten symptoms to watch out for that may indicate the presence of syphilis.

Painless Sores and Ulcers

One of the earliest and most common signs of syphilis is the appearance of small, painless sores or ulcers. These sores usually develop around the genitals, rectum, or mouth, but they can show up elsewhere on the body as well. The sores, known as chancres, may be easy to overlook since they don’t cause pain and disappear on their own after about six weeks. Some people might mistake them for something less serious. However, even if the sores vanish, the infection remains in the body, which is why early detection is crucial.

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Swollen Lymph Nodes

Another symptom to keep an eye out for is swollen lymph nodes, especially in the groin area. Though lymph node swelling can happen all over the body, it’s most common in areas near the infection site. When the body detects foreign bacteria, like Treponema pallidum, the lymphatic system responds by inflaming nearby nodes. If you notice both painless sores and swollen lymph nodes, it’s essential to see a doctor right away. Early treatment can stop syphilis in its tracks, preventing further complications.

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Rashes

As syphilis enters its secondary stage, a rash often appears. This rash commonly shows up on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It usually starts as small, painless spots, but over time, the rash may begin to itch. The immune system’s battle against syphilis causes this rash as it attempts to clear the infection from the body. Though the rash itself isn’t harmful, it’s a sign that syphilis is spreading and needs to be treated quickly.

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Mucus Patches

Mucus patches are another symptom that typically arises during the secondary stage of syphilis. These patches are sores that form on moist areas of the body, like the mouth or genitals. Although they may seem harmless, they can cause discomfort, especially when they swell due to mucus buildup beneath the skin. The constant presence of these mucus patches can be irritating and is a clear indicator that the infection is progressing.

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Genital Warts (Condylomata Lata)

In some cases of secondary syphilis, genital warts, also known as condylomata lata, can develop around the genitals or anus. These moist patches of skin vary in size and number depending on how far the infection has progressed. The warts can be extremely itchy, and scratching them often leads to pain. Though laser removal is an option, it’s expensive and can leave patients needing to avoid wearing clothing on the affected areas for a week or more. This symptom is a sign that syphilis is becoming more severe.

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Fever

Once secondary syphilis takes hold, many sufferers experience fever and a general feeling of weakness. The body’s attempt to fight the infection causes an increase in temperature as it works to maintain normal function. Blood flow speeds up, leading to overheating and putting extra strain on the organs. Unfortunately, fever is a persistent symptom that will continue until syphilis is fully treated. Over-the-counter medications can help reduce the fever temporarily, but they won’t eliminate the underlying infection.

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Loss of Appetite

Along with fever, many individuals with secondary syphilis lose their appetite. This symptom arises as the body focuses all its energy on fighting the infection, making hunger less of a priority. As a result, weight loss may follow. Not eating properly can also weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to combat syphilis effectively. If you notice a significant drop in appetite alongside other symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a doctor.

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Muscle Aches

Muscle aches are a common complaint among those with secondary syphilis. These aches are partly due to the immune system redirecting white blood cells to fight the infection, leaving less protection for muscle tissue. Additionally, the immune system releases chemicals called cytokines that cause inflammation in muscles and joints. While these aches aren’t permanent, they can make daily activities more uncomfortable during an active syphilis infection.

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Neurosyphilis

If syphilis goes untreated for years, it can eventually lead to neurosyphilis, a severe condition that affects the brain and nervous system. This stage usually appears 10 to 20 years after the initial infection, affecting up to 40% of untreated individuals. Neurosyphilis can cause symptoms like dementia, abnormal walking patterns, seizures, and even blindness. Though antibiotics can still treat the infection, the damage caused by neurosyphilis is often irreversible, leaving sufferers with long-term complications.

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Cardiovascular Syphilis

The third stage of syphilis can also severely impact the cardiovascular system. When Treponema pallidum invades the blood vessels and heart, it can cause life-threatening problems such as aneurysms, heart attacks, and valve damage. Cardiovascular syphilis is perhaps the most dangerous complication of the infection, and even though antibiotics can treat it, the damage to the heart and blood vessels is often permanent. This is why early detection and treatment are so critical.

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