13 Common Signs of Gluten Intolerance

ByAgkidzone Staff

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

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Gluten intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to handle gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, rye, and barley. There are two main types: celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Both conditions share similar symptoms but differ in their underlying causes.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the small intestine when gluten is consumed, causing long-term damage that can hinder nutrient absorption. On the other hand, people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity do not experience the same intestinal damage. However, gluten can still trigger discomfort and inflammation in their digestive system. Even though NCGS doesn’t lead to permanent damage like celiac disease, many find relief from their symptoms by following a gluten-free diet.

Gluten intolerance may not be life-threatening, but its uncomfortable and sometimes surprising symptoms—like bloating, diarrhea, and fatigue—can seriously impact daily life.

Bloating

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Headaches

Individuals with celiac disease report experiencing more frequent idiopathic headaches (those with no known cause) than the general population. Interestingly, people with idiopathic headaches also have higher rates of celiac disease, suggesting a possible link. Studies show that about 75% of people with gluten intolerance experience headache relief after switching to a gluten-free diet. So, if you deal with chronic headaches, it might be worth getting tested for celiac disease to see if gluten is a factor.

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Abdominal Cramps

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Rash

People with non-celiac gluten intolerance may develop an eczema-like rash after consuming gluten. Studies suggest that dietary changes, like eliminating gluten and incorporating fresh vegetables, organic foods, and fish oil, can help clear up these skin issues in sensitive individuals.

In celiac disease, a specific skin condition called dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) can develop. This intensely itchy and painful rash is caused by an immune response to gluten and usually appears on both sides of the body, such as near the elbows, knees, buttocks, scalp, or hairline. It’s crucial to see a dermatologist for a biopsy if a rash flares up after consuming gluten to rule out DH. Even in the absence of digestive symptoms, DH indicates that gluten may be damaging the small intestines.

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Constipation

Although constipation isn’t always associated with gluten intolerance, it can be a sign of the condition. One study suggests that individuals experiencing constipation who don’t respond to laxatives should get tested for celiac disease. In celiac disease, the dysfunctional digestive process can make it difficult to pass stools regularly.

Interestingly, following a gluten-free diet can sometimes worsen constipation since it’s often low in soluble fiber. Incorporating gluten-free fiber sources like quinoa, millet, and amaranth can help keep the digestive system functioning smoothly.

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Diarrhea

For those with celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response that damages the intestinal lining, making it difficult to digest food properly. This disruption often results in diarrhea—passing loose, watery stools several times a day. Although gluten doesn’t cause such damage in people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, they may still experience diarrhea after consuming it. Left untreated, chronic diarrhea can lead to other health issues like severe dehydration, chronic fatigue, and vitamin deficiencies. If diarrhea persists for more than three days, it’s important to seek medical advice.

Research shows that many people with celiac disease see a significant reduction in diarrhea once they transition to a gluten-free diet.

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Fatigue

Persistent fatigue is one of the most common signs of gluten intolerance. Approximately one in three people with celiac disease experiences long-term fatigue. Studies also reveal that many individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome have markers for non-celiac wheat sensitivity. When gluten causes inflammation, the body struggles to absorb nutrients, leading to fatigue. Gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea further deplete the body’s nutrient levels, resulting in deficiencies such as iron deficiency anemia. Many individuals find that adopting a gluten-free diet can boost their energy levels within days.

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Depression and Anxiety

Gluten sensitivity doesn’t just affect the digestive system; it can also impact mood. Many people with gluten sensitivity report experiencing depression and anxiety. While there’s a saying that “you are what you eat,” researchers are only beginning to explore the link between gut health and mental well-being.

In celiac disease, damage to the intestines can prevent the absorption of mood-enhancing vitamins, leading to symptoms of depression and anxiety. It’s still unclear why non-celiac gluten-sensitive individuals experience these symptoms, but they may benefit from a gluten-free diet. However, it’s important to note that while dietary changes can help, they should not replace traditional treatments like therapy or medication.

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Unexplained Aches and Pains

When someone with celiac disease consumes gluten, the immune system attacks, causing inflammation throughout the body, including the skin, muscles, bones, and joints. People with non-celiac gluten sensitivity also frequently report unexplained aches and pains after eating gluten, even though there’s no autoimmune component involved.

Anti-inflammatory foods like berries, avocados, extra virgin olive oil, turmeric, and fatty fish can help reduce this inflammation. At the same time, avoiding processed meats, refined carbs, and sugary drinks can minimize these flare-ups.

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Weight Loss

Untreated celiac disease can damage the digestive tract, affecting the body’s ability to absorb nutrients essential for growth, energy, and recovery. This malabsorption can lead to weight loss, malnutrition, and in children, growth delays. Although non-celiac gluten intolerance doesn’t damage the intestines, severe cases with symptoms like chronic diarrhea can also cause weight loss. Managing weight loss due to malnutrition often requires a doctor’s guidance and may include dietary supplements and an increased caloric intake.

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Dental Issues

Good oral hygiene is crucial for everyone, but it’s especially important for those with gluten sensitivity. Along with digestive and skin symptoms, gluten sensitivity can also manifest in the mouth. Research shows that adults with celiac disease are more likely to experience oral health problems, such as inflammation in the gums (gingivitis), dry mouth (xerostomia), and enamel defects, increasing the risk of cavities. Practicing diligent oral care and working closely with a dentist can help manage these issues.

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Neurological Symptoms

If you find yourself feeling foggy or forgetful after eating gluten, you’re not alone. Gluten-related neurological disorders (GRND) include a range of symptoms triggered by gluten exposure in sensitive individuals. For example, brain fog—a state of confusion and forgetfulness—is commonly reported by people with both celiac and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

In rare cases, celiac disease can cause ataxia, a condition where inflammation damages the cerebellum, affecting coordination, balance, speech, and eye movements. Some individuals may also experience gluten-related neuropathy. Even inhaling airborne gluten particles, such as flour, can trigger symptoms in those with celiac disease. This may be because gluten particles can enter the digestive system through the nose and mouth, affecting sensitive individuals.

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Digestive Ulcers

Gluten intolerance can also lead to digestive ulcers, especially in people with celiac disease. Research has linked peptic diseases like GERD, heartburn, and stomach ulcers to gluten exposure. These painful open sores develop on the small intestine or stomach lining, causing indigestion, bloating, and gastrointestinal bleeding, which may result in anemia if not treated properly.

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